一、Docker基础安装

1.更新系统软件包

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

2.安装依赖工具

sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

3.添加Docker官方GPG密钥

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

4.配置APT仓库

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

5.安装Docker引擎

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

6.启动并设置开机自启

sudo systemctl start docker

sudo systemctl enable docker

二、配置优化

1.允许非root用户操作Docker

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

newgrp docker # 立即生效，无需重新登录

2.配置镜像加速（国内用户）

创建配置文件：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
EOF

重启服务生效：

sudo systemctl restart docker

三、验证安装

1.检查版本信息

docker --version

2.运行测试容器

docker run hello-world

若看到"Hello from Docker!"说明安装成功。

四、Docker Compose安装

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.20.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

验证安装：

docker-compose --version

1.